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JUDICIAL/ LAW-EXAMS: IMPORTANT “ONE-LINERS” ON “BHARATIYA NAGARIK SURAKSHA SANHITA, 2023” (BNSS)

February 18, 2026
  1. True/ False: The law relating to ‘criminal procedure’ is subject matter of the Concurrent List (Part-III) of the Indian Constitution—True.
  2. In terms of Article 246(2) of the Indian Constitution, the legislature (Union as well as State) has power to make law relating ‘criminal procedure’ under  Entry No._______of the Concurrent List of the VIIth Schedule—Entry No. 2. (UPJ Exam-2015).
  3. Which Act replaced the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (Cr.P.C.)— Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS).
  4. Which report of the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Home Affairs examined the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS), which replaces the Code of Criminal Procedure (Cr.P.C.), 1973—247th Report.
  5. Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS) is Bill No.______of 2023—Bill No. 122. [Note:Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA), 2023 is Bill No.123]
  6. Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS) is Act No.________of 2023—Act No.46. [Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA), 2023 is Act No.47]
  7. The BNSS, 2023 was enacted on which date?—25-December-2023. (25th December is also observed as ‘good governance day’ in India)
  8. The BNSS, 2023 was enforced on which date?—01- July- 2024.
  9. Total Sections under BNSS, 2023 are—531.
  10. True/ False: The civil & criminal proceedings both may go simultaneously. However, the result of civil and criminal proceeding are not binding on each other—True.
  11. True/ False: There are two sets of legal system for dispensation of criminal justice—Adversarial/ Adversary/ Accusatorial System[1] and Inquisitorial System[2]. In India/ Great Britain/USA and other Common Law countries, the adversarial/ accusatorial system of criminal justice is followed—True.
  12. The expression ‘Bail’ was not defined under Cr.P.C, 1973. Now, it has been defined under Section________of BNSS—Section 2(1)(b).
  13. The process of release of a person accused of or suspected of commission of an offence from the custody of law upon certain conditions imposed by an officer or Court on execution by such person of a bond or a bail bond is called—Bail. [Section 2(1)(b)]
  14. ‘Bailable Offence’ is defined under Section________of BNSS, 2023—Section 2(1)(c)
  15. ‘Bail Bond’ is defined under Section ________of BNSS, 2023—Section 2(1)(d).
  16. An undertaking for release with surety is called—Bail-Bond. [Section 2(1)(d)]
  17. A personal bond or an undertaking for release without surety is called—Bond. [Section 2(1)(d)]
  18. Section 2(1)(f) of the BNSS, 2023 defines the expression—Charge.
  19. True/ False: In warrant case framing of formal charge is compulsory while in summons case or in summary trial formulation of formal charges is not necessary—True.
  20. Section 2(1)(g) of BNSS, 2023 defines the expression—Cognizable Offence.
  21.  The communication of any written, verbal, pictorial information or video content transmitted or transferred (whether from one person to another or from one device to another or from a person to a device or from a device to a person) by means of an electronic device including a telephone, mobile phone, or other wireless telecommunication device, or a computer, or audio-video player or camera or any other electronic device or electronic form is known as—Electronic Communication. [Section 2(1)(i)]
  22. Section 2(1)(o) of BNSS, 2023 defines the expression— Non-Cognizable Offence (NCO).
  23. True/ False: NCO/ NCC means an offence/ case for/ in which a police officer shall (i) neither arrest without warrant nor investigate the case without Magistrate’s order—True. (UPAPO-2006)
  24. ‘Complaint’ is defined under Section________of BNSS, 2023—Section 2(1)(h) [corresponds to Section 2(d) of Cr.P.C., 1973]
  25. True/ False: It is not necessary that the complaint must be made by the aggrieved person. It may be made by any person who is aware with the offence—True.(UPAPO-06)
  26. True/ False: Complaint is made to the Magistrate by aggrieved person or any person acquainted with the offence and it can not be made by a police officer while the FIR is given to an Officer-in-Charge (OC) of the police station. Unlike complaint, FIR can be given by a police officer also­—True.
  27. True/ False: A complaint may relate to a cognizable or non-cognizable offence whereas FIR must relate a cognizable offence only. Thus, complaint is a genus while FIR is a specie—True.
  28. True/ False: In complaint, police officer can not initiate investigation without order of the Magistrate. However, in FIR police can investigate the matter  without permission—True.
  29. ‘Inquiry’ is defined under Section________of the BNSS, 2023—Section 2(1)(k) [Corresponds to Section 2(g) of Cr.P.C., 1973]
  30. True/ False: Inquiry means every inquiry, other than a trial—True. [Section 2(1)(k)]
  31. True/ False: Inquiry is a judicial proceeding—True.(MPAPP Exam-10).
  32. True/ False: The term judicial proceeding includes inquiry & trial but does not include an investigation—True.(MPAPP-08)
  33. True/ False: Generally, inquiry is a second stage of criminal proceeding—True.((UPAPOS Exam-07).
  34. True/ False: Inquiry is normally conducted before framing of charge—True. (UKJ Exam-02)
  35. Inquiry is generally conducted in which cases by a Magistrate or Court—Warrant Cases. (MPAPP Exam-08).
  36. The expression ‘Investigation’ is defined under Section_______of BNSS—Section 2(1)(l)
  37. True/ False: Investigation is not a judicial proceeding whereas an inquiry is a judicial proceeding—True.
  38. True/ False: Investigation is the first stage of a criminal case. It is followed by inquiry by a Magistrate. On the other hand, inquiry is the second stage of the case and is ordinarily preceded by investigation—True.
  39. True/ False: The object of investigation is to collect evidence for the prosecution of a case. While the object of inquiry is to determine the truth or falsity of certain facts—True.
  40. The expression ‘Police Report’ is defined under Section_______of BNSS—Section 2(1)(t)
  41. The expression ‘Summons-Case’ is defined under Section_______of BNSS—Section 2(1)(x)
  42. The expression ‘Warrant-Case’ is defined under Section_______of BNSS—Section 2(1)(z).
  43. Section 2(y) of BNSS, 2023 defines the term—Victim.
  44. True/ False: The term ‘trial’ is not defined under BNSS, 2023—True.
  45. True/ False: Inquiry precedes trial and trial follows inquiry—True.
  46. True/ False:The term inquiry is wider than trial. An inquiry does not necessarily mean an inquiry into an offence. It may relate to matters which are not offence (for example, inquiry made in dispute relating to immovable property with regard to possession etc.) whereas a trial is always of an offence—True.
  47. Section 6 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS) deals with—Classes of Criminal Courts [Corresponds to Section 6 of Cr.P.C., 1973]
  48. Section 20 of BNSS, 2023 provides for—Directorate of Prosecution (DOP)
  49. Which provision of the BNSS, 2023 allows the appointment of a police officer as a Special Executive Magistrate?—Section 15. [Corresponds to Section 21 of Cr.P.C., 1973]
  50. What is the limit for fines imposed by a First Class Magistrate under the BNSS?—Rs.50,000/-[Refer Section 23(2) of BNSS]
  51. Section ________of BNSS, 2023 empowers the Police to arrest without warrant—Section 35.
  52. What provision of the BNSS, 2023 protects “elderly and infirm” persons from arrest for crimes punishable with less than three years of imprisonment?—Section 35(7).
  53. Which provision of BNSS, 2023 mandates the issuance of “electronic-summons” or “Encrypted-Summons”?—Section 63.
  54. True/ False: The Court can serve summons to a witness electronically or through registered post—True. [Refer Section 71 of BNSS, 2023]
  55. Which crime can result in a proclaimed offender declaration under the BNSS?— Crimes punishable with imprisonment of 10 years or more.
  56. Section 86—Attachmnet of property of proclaimed offender.
  57. Which provision of the BNSS addresses the videography of search and seizure?—Section 105.
  58. Maintenance of wife/ children/parents is dealt with under Section_______of BNSS, 2023—Section 144. [corresponds to Section 125 of Cr.P.C., 1973]
  59. Which section of the BNSS empowers the police to conduct “zero FIR”?—Section 173.
  60. True/ False: An FIR is not a substantive piece of evidence. However, it can be used during trial both to corroborate and contradict the information—True. (MPJ Exam-2019)
  61. An FIR (First Information Report) that can be registered at any police station, regardless of whether the crime occurred within its jurisdiction, is called—Zero FIR [It enables immediate investigation for serious offenses, removing delays caused by jurisdictional disputes, with the case later transferred to the appropriate station]. 
  62. Provision for lodging an “e-FIR” is provided under which Section of BNSS?—Section 173.
  63. If the information relating to commission of cognizable offence is given by electronic communication (i.e. e-FIR), by Officer-in-Charge of a Police Station on being signed within_______days by the person giving it—Three-days.
  64. BNSS, 2023 provides for FIR access through which Portal—CCTNS (Crime and Criminal Tracking Netwok and Systems)
  65. CCTNS was launched in the year_______to modernize police functioning across India—2009.
  66. No male person under the age of _________years shall be required to attend at any place other than the place in which such person resides—15-years. [Refer Section 179(1) of BNSS, 2023].
  67. No male person above the age of _________ years shall be required to attend at any place other than the place in which such person resides—60-years. [Refer Section 179(1) of BNSS, 2023].
  68. True/ False: No woman or a mentally or physically disabled person or a person with acute illness shall be required to attend at any place other than the place in which such person resides—True. [Refer Section 179(1) of BNSS, 2023].
  69. Under BNSS, what is the timeframe within which a medical report of a “rape victim” should be forwarded to the Magistrate?—7-Days [Refer Section 184(6)].
  70. Where two or more Courts have taken cognizance of the same offence and a question arises as to which of them ought to inquire into or try that offence, the question shall be decided by which court, if the Courts are subordinate to the same High Court—By concerned High Court. [Section 206 of BNSS, 2023]
  71. Where two or more Courts have taken cognizance of the same offence and a question arises as to which of them ought to inquire into or try that offence, the question shall be decided by which court, if the Courts are not subordinate to the same High Court—The High Court within the local limits of whose appellate criminal jurisdiction the proceedings were first commenced. [Section 206 of BNSS, 2023]
  72. Under Section 208 of BNSS, how can an offence committed outside India by an Indian citizenor an Indian registered ship or aircraft be dealt with—As if it was committed within India.
  73. Under Section 258 of BNSS, what is the maximum time within which a judgment of acquittal or conviction should be passed after the completion of arguments?—30-Days (extended upto 45-days.)
  74. What is the maximum extendable period for a judgment to be delivered post-arguments, as per Section 258 of the BNSS?—45-Days.
  75. Which section of the BNSS provides for trials or inquiries on ‘day-to-day basis’?—Section 346.
  76. Section 359 of BNSS, 2023 deals with—Compounding of Offences.
  77. Section 396 of BNSS deals with—Victim Compensation Scheme.
  78. Which section of the BNSS mandates the preparation of a witness protection scheme by each State Government?—Section 398.
  79. Chapter XXX of BNSS deals with process for—Confirmation of Death Sentence.
  80. Confirmation of Death Sentence by High Court is made under Section________of BNSS, 2023—Section 407.
  81. Reference to High Court is made under________of BNSS, 2023—Section 436.
  82. The Supreme Court has power to transfer cases and appeals under Section 446 of BNSS on which ground?—For the End of Justice.
  83. Section _______of the BNSS, 2023 deals with commutation of sentence of death on “pregnant woman”—Section 456.
  84. Which Court is empowered to commute death-sentence of pregnant-woman—High Court. [Refer Section 456 of BNSS]
  85. If a woman sentenced to death is found to be pregnant, the High Court shall commute the sentence to which sentence—Imprisonment for life. [Refer Section 456 of BNSS]
  86. Provision for “Mercy Petition” in death sentence cases has been statutorily recognized under Section________ of the BNSS, 2023—Section 472.
  87. A “Mercy-Petition” shall be made within the period of ________days from the date on which the Superintendent of jail inform the convict about closure of all statutory remedies—30-Days. [Refer Section 472 of BNSS]
  88. After the rejection of “Mercy-Petition” by the Governor, the Petition shall be made to the President of India within_______from the date of disposal of such petition—60-Days. [Refer Section 472 of BNSS]
  89. The Central Government shall, on receipt of the mercy petition seek the comments of the State Government and consider the petition along with the records of the case and make recommendations to the President in this behalf, as expeditiously as possible, within a period of _______ days from the date of receipt of comments of the State Government and records from Superintendent of the Jail—60-Days [Refer Section 472 of BNSS].
  90. Upon receipt of the order of the President on the mercy petition, the Central Government shall within ________ hours, communicate the same to the Home Department of the State Government and the Superintendent of the jail or officer in charge of the jail—48-Hours. [Refer Section 472 of BNSS].
  91. Provision for ‘Anticipatory-Bail’ (bail to person apprehending arrest) is dealt with under Section_______of BNSS, 2023—Section 482.
  92. Section 506 of the BNSS, 2023 deals with—Non vitiating Irregularities.
  93. Section _______of the BNSS deals with irregularities that vitiate the proceedings—Section 507.
  94. Section 518 deals with—Limitation in Continuing Offence.
  95. True/ False: In the case of a continuing offence, a fresh period of limitation shall begin to run at every moment of the time during which the offence continues—True. [Refer Section 518 of BNSS, 2023].
  96. Section 526 of the BNSS imposes restrictions upon________not to sit as Magistrate in certain cases—Advocate.
  97. “Inherent Power” of High Court is dealt with under Section_________of BNSS—Section 528.
  98. Which Section of BNSS, 2023 imposes duty upon High Court for continuous superintendence—Section 529.
  99. Which Section of the BNSS, 2023 provides for ‘E-Delivery’ of justice—Section 530.
  100. Section_______of BNSS provides that All trials, inquires and proceedings under BNSS, 2023, may be held in electronic mode, by use of electronic communication or use of audio-video electronic means—Section 530.
  101. The First Schedule of BNSS, 2023 deals with—Classification of Offences.
  102. The Second Schedule of BNSS, 2023 contains how many Forms—Total 58 Forms.

[1].   The adversarial system is followed in “Common Law countries” where two advocates represent their parties position before jury or judge. Thus, in adversarial system advocates play very active role for searching of evidences and questioning of witnesses. In such system, the Court performs like an umpire without favouring the prosecution or the accused. The court has to only decide that which party has proved its case.

[2].    The inquisitorial system is prevalent in “civil law system i.e. Roman Law. In such system, the judge takes a very active role while the lawyers have a very passive role. The Judge actively steers the search for evidence and questions the witnesses including the respondent or defendant.

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